The Society last held its event at the venue in 2007 and has been utilising other venues across the UK since then.
The four-day event is expected to attract up to 800 delegates from across the globe.
Commenting on the deal the Vascular Society's chief executive Jeanette Robey said: "Manchester Central is an excellent complex with a broad range of flexible facilities. They have a lot of breakout rooms and the proximity of the exhibition hall to the auditorium really suits our needs and fits our style of event.
"Manchester Central's location was another key factor for us. Our delegates come from all around the UK, and internationally in many cases, so accessibility to major motorways, train stations and an airport is crucial for us," she added.
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