The system, a rival to eBay's PayPal service, offers advertisers that use Google's AdWords free processing on all transactions made through the system.
For every £1 retailers spend, they can process £10 in sales through Google Checkout at no charge.
Google is offering participating retailers free processing until the end of the year, after which merchants will be charged 1.5% of each transaction amount, plus 15p each time a shopper makes a purchase.
Shoppers register their payment and shipping details with Google Checkout once, and can find participating stores by looking for the Google Checkout icon on AdWords advertisements or on a retailer's site.
The UK site of online retailer Channel Advisor, www.channeladvisor.com/uk, is the first site to sign up to the service in this country.
Google launched Checkout in the US last June.