The first branch of the celebrity chef's unnamed Italian chain is due to open in Bath in the spring, with others earmarked for Cambridge and Brighton.
Over the next few years, Oliver plans to open up to 40 "neighbourhood restaurants" serving "authentic" Italian food.
Oliver said that all the pasta and bread will be made at the restaurants and all chicken will be free range.
The chef claims that good food can be served at a reasonable price and aims to dominate the high street with dishes from as little as £5.
Oliver plans to provide a "fast, urban casual dining" experience and expects big crowds of up to 4,000 a week in Bath.
He said: "It's always been a desire of mine to really tackle the issue of the quality of high-street dining. There are some little places, privately owned by dedicated people, who are doing a good job but they are few and far between."
Oliver's plans follow reports last month that his TV production team are planning to make a £20m bid to take over the failing motorway service chain, Little Chef.
Oliver's School Dinners campaign led to a £477m overhaul of school food and his show 'Jamie's Kitchen' started the upmarket restaurant brand Fifteen, which trains unemployed people to be chefs.
Fifteen now operates in London, Cornwall, Amsterdam and Melbourne.