In her new role, Chambers will work with leaders across global retail and commercial banking around the world to optimise marketing investment and transfer best practice, particularly in new markets and channels.
Chambers will also maintain her current responsibilities at Barclaycard.
Prior to joining Barclaycard as chief marketing officer in 2006, Chambers held senior roles with Bank of America, Reader's Digest and McKinsey & Company, where she was partner.
At the end of last year, Barclays split the lead marketing role formerly held by , appointing Dave Jeppeson as UK retail marketing director and Richard French as commercial marketing director. Chambers is expected to oversee both of these roles.
as the bank's group brand and UK banking marketing director in August to move to Top Up TV as commercial director.
Barclays lost another marketer to Top Up TV in March this year, when Sarah Wise stepped down as marketing communications manager after a decade with the financial services provider.
Chambers said: "This is a very exciting time for us with many of our growth plans accelerating.
"We're making strong progress in building our brands globally by embedding innovation and customer centricity in all of our propositions and channels."