The move came after some Congress members decided to campaign against Camel No.9 cigarettes, which R J Reynolds markets to women. Smoking is estimated to cause 54,000 deaths among US women each year.
In a letter to Vogue's editor-in-chief, Anna Wintour, the Congress members said: "The public health consequences of smoking are neither stylish nor glamorous."
Vogue's publisher, Conde Nast, said it was up to individual magazines to decide whether or not to accept tobacco ads.