Leagas Delaney, which already handles Adidas, will run the business out of its London office.
The business had previously been handled by Mustoe Merriman, but the agency stopped working on the brand in October and did not repitch.
A number of agencies were invited to pitch for the ad account following the review, which was called in February.
The relaunch will have a major US focus where 85% of Dr Marten's sales come from.
The relaunch will attempt to revitalise the brand, which has been hit hard by the rise of trainer culture.
Dr Marten is thought to be readying a new range of more casual shoes, including a lighter variety to compete with trainers.
The pitch was handled by global marketing director Bobbie Parisi, who joined the company from Nike in April 2001 with a brief to halt falling sales and profits.
Dr Martens' is owned by R Griggs, which has recently closed a number of its factories in the UK and moved production to the Far East as part of its cost-cutting efforts.
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