His departure follows a summit with McCann-Erickson Worldwide chief executive John Dooner on Monday.
It is understood his resignation was forced, although the reasons behind it are unclear. A statement from the US said that Langdon had resigned to pursue other opportunities.
David Warden, McCann-Erickson's deputy regional director and vice-president, will take Langdon's role on a temporary basis.
McCann-Erickson has been at the centre of an accounting scandal affecting the Interpublic group.
The agency's major clients include Nestle and Unilever Ice Cream and Frozen Food.
As Marketing went to press, neither McCann-Erickson nor Langdon were available for comment.